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Front page of Henry Hoyt's Protection Versus Free Trade, 1886.
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Front page of Henry Hoyt's Protection Versus Free Trade, 1886.

Credit: The Pennsylvania Academic Library Consortium, Inc

Prompted by a "friendly exchange" with a New England professor who supported free trade, former Pennsylvania governor Henry Hoyt in 1886 published a 436-page defense of the "Pennsylvania Plan"; that is, the high tariffs to protect American industries that were championed by Pennsylvania's Republican party leaders in Congress from the 1860s into the 1930s.

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