Caption: Edwin Drinker Cope (1840-1897) One of the great vertebrate paleontologists of the 19th century, Cope is remembered today for discovering and describing an extraordinary number of dinosaurs. Cope began publishing on scientific subjects while still in his teens, and earned election to the Philosophical Society while still in his twenties. Fittingly, his arch nemesis and great rival for dinosaurs, Othniel C. Marsh, was elected two years later in 1868.
Courtesy of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Ewell Sale Stewert Library
Caption: In his boyhood, Samuel Stehman Haldeman (1812-1880) developed an intense curiosity about the natural world while investigating anything and everything among the rocks, fields, and streams of Lancaster County, Pa. One of the last of the great self- educated naturalists of the nineteenth century, Haldeman made his greatest scientific contributions in the fields of zoology and linguistics. He also cultivated a deep interest in geology, chemistry, natural history, and archaeology.
Courtesy of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Ewell Sale Stewart Library
Caption: Though best known today for his opposition to slavery, Thaddeus Stevens earned his early fame as a stalwart champion of public education. His February 1835 defense of free public schools in Pennsylvania is credited with saving the fledgling system from certain defeat.
Courtesy of the National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution
Caption: The first African-American woman to head a school, Fanny Jackson Coppin's tenure as Principal (1869-1903) of Philadelphia's Institute for Colored Youth coincided with the Institute's greatest successes and prestige. Coppin was one of a number of prominent instructors who were active in the struggle for racial uplift and who contributed to the school's reputation for academic excellence.
From Fanny Jackson Coppin, Reminiscences of School Life, and Hints on Teaching., A.M.E. Book, 1913.
Caption: A former school teacher and U. S. Congressman, Governor George Wolf played an important in the educational reform movement that culminated in the Free Schools Act, which he signed in 1834.
Courtesy of Capitol Preservation Committee, http://cpc.state.pa.us and John Rudy Photography, http://www.johnrudy.com
Caption: Born and educated in Washington County, PA, William Holmes McGuffy attended Washington College from 1820-1825. In 1830 McGuffy joined the faculty of Miami College in Oxford, Ohio, and began a career that would include service as the president of Cincinnati College and twenty-eight years as a professor of moral philosophy and political economy at the University of Virginia.
Courtesy of William Holmes McGuffey Museum, King Library, Miami University.
Caption: Martin Luther King, Jr., by Robert Shetterly. "Nonviolence is a pwerful and just weapon ... which cuts without wounding and ennobles the man who weilds it. It is a sword that heals."
Courtesy of Robert
Shetterly,
www.americanswhotellthetruth.org
Caption: Thomas Foster had a knack for the practical and efficient. His career in journalism and his intimate knowledge of mining and the world of miners in northeastern Pennsylvania provided the raw material for the publishing giant he founded.
Courtesy of Weinberg Memorial Library, University of Scranton
Caption: John Heyl Vincent and Lewis Miller, circa 1870s.
Courtesy of the Chautauqua Institution Archives
Caption: One of Philadelphia's most prominent and respected African American leaders, Octavius Catto graduated from the Institute for Colored Youth and then taught there. Catto's murder during the "Election Riots" of the 1871 by a thug working for the Democratic party boss outraged the city, opened the polls to African-Americans voters, and cemented their allegiance to the Republican party.
NYPL digital gallery, New York Public Library
Caption: Irish-born and Edinburgh-educated, William Tennent was a leading figure in early American Presbyterianism. His influence spread far and wide in the colonies, and Tennent educated a generation of leaders that shaped the denomination's remarkable growth on the eve of the American Revolution.
Courtesy of Princeton University Art Museum, Gift of Mr. and Mrs. Landon K. Thorne, for the Boudinot Collection.
Caption: A son of William Tennent, the founder of the Log College, Irish-born Gilbert Tennent played an influential role in the spread of Presbyterianism during the Great Awakening in the British colonies prior to his death in 1764.
Courtesy of the Princeton University Art Museum, Presented by Miss Smith, photo by Bruce White.
Caption: Nineteenth-century Pennsylvania's most influential public educator, J. P. Wickersham served as Principal of the Lancaster County Normal School between 1855 and 1865. From 1866 until 1875 Wickersham served as state superintendent of public instruction. A prolific author, he published his History of Education in Pennsylvania in 1886.
Courtesy of Millersville University, Helen A. Ganser Library, Archives and Special Collections, Photograph by Nadine Kern.
Caption: As the first president of the Pennsylvania Farmers High School, Dr. Evan Pugh developed the curriculum and supervised construction of the school's first building. This painting is in the lobby of Old Main.
Courtesy of The Pennsylvania State University, Office of the President, Old Main.
Caption: "Burrowes was well known throughout Pennsylvania, especially in educational circles. Though not a college graduate, he had a good academic education [including a year of law at Yale] and had been admitted to the Lancaster bar, but never practiced law extensively. He became active in state politics...member of House of Representatives 1831-32; chairman of the Anti-Masonic Party; secretary of the Commonwealth and ex officio head of the common school system, 1835-39. Thereafter, he farmed in Lancaster County; founded and published the Pennsylvania School Journal; served as state superintendent of common schools, 1860-63; and as superintendent of the soldiers orphan schools, 1863-68. He had had no experience in higher education as teacher or administrator before coming to Penn State at the age of 63 [but had led the movement and framed the law, passed in 1857, for the establishment of Pennsylvania's normal schools, which later became the state teachers' colleges and are now the state colleges and university (Indiana)].... He was noted for his genial disposition, ready wit and conversational powers."
Courtesy of the Pennsylvania State University Archives
Caption: A Scots Presbyterian who epitomized the enlightened educator of the late eighteenth century, Nisbet could speak nine languages fluently. Nisbet was a strict Calvinist who revered moral philosophy and scientific inquiry as the bulwarks of the fledgling college's mission. With Rush and other trustees" support guided the fledgling institution through a series of early controversies that threatened Dickinson's survival.
Courtesy of Archives and Special Collections, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA.
Caption: William Edward Burghardt DuBois, by Laura Wheeler Waring.
National Portrait Gallery, Smithsonian Institution; gift of Walter Waring in memory of his wife, Laura Wheeler Waring, through the Harmon Foundation
Caption: After fleeing England for the safety of Pennsylvania in 1794, Joseph Priestley helped shape the early program of scientific study at Dickinson. One of England's most prominent scientists, Priestly had also been an outspoken champion of academic freedom and the French Revolution. His metaphysical writings would influenced Jeremy Bentham, John Stuart Mill, and Herbert Spencer, among others.
Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society Library
Caption: After graduating from the Woman's Medical College of Philadelphia in 1857, Susan Hayhurst served on the College's staff and ran its pharmaceutical department for many years. In 1883, at the age of 63, Hayhurst became the first woman to graduate from the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy.
Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, University of the Sciences in Phila.
Caption: A staunch feminist from a progressive Quaker family, Martha Carey Thomas (1857-1935) became the dean of Bryn Mawr in 1884–the first female dean in the United States–and the first female president of the college in 1894. Putting her activist beliefs into practice, Thomas opened Bryn Mawr's Graduate Social Work School in 1916, and in 1921, working with Bryn Mawr Dean Hilda Worthington Smith, opened the Bryn Mawr Summer School for Women Workers to broaden adult working women's educational and social opportunities in the industrial age.
Special Collections Department, Bryn Mawr College
Caption: In the 1800s, the ICY had one of the most accomplished African American faculty of any black school in the United States. Among those pictured here are O. V. Catto; Ebenezer D. Bassett, the first black American diplomat; Professor C.L. Reason, who had previously taught French Language at New York Central College; and Robert Campbell-in the turban-who after visiting the Niger Valley with Martin Delany in the 1850s, permanently moved to Nigeria in 1862.
From Fanny Jackson Coppin, Reminiscences of School Life, and Hints on Teaching, 1913.
Caption: One of the nation's most celebrated physicians and a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Philadelphia's Dr. Benjamin Rush also played a central role in the expansion of educational opportunity in Pennsylvania. In 1786 Rush offered a new scheme for Commonwealth education that included the establishment of state supported colleges, including Dickinson, the first college established west of the Susquehanna River.
Winterthur Museum, gift of Mrs. Julia B. Henry
Caption: Founder and chief benefactor of Lehigh University, Asa Packer personified the proverbial "titan of industry" who used his considerable personal fortune to establish cultural institutions that preserved their legacy. Born in modest circumstances in 1805, Packer abandoned farming to become a canal ship captain before investing in railroads and coal. From economic wealth came aspirations for political office. He later used his wealth to establish a college in Bethlehem centered on engineering and a broad liberal arts education.
Courtesy of the Linderman Library Special, Collections Lehigh University
Caption: One of the early Republic's most prominent physicians and men of learning, Caspar Wistar chaired the Department of Anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, wrote the first American textbook on anatomy, and was an early advocate of the use of vaccinations. The large models of human limbs and organs that Wistar used in his lectures became the core collection of the Wistar and Horner Museum, the nation's first anatomical museum. A man of varied interests, Wistar was also one of the nation's leading paleontologists.
Courtesy of the American Philosophical Society
Caption: Benjamin Smith Barton, by Samuel Jennings.
The American Philosophical Society
Caption: A banking tycoon and philanthropist, Stephen Girard used his considerable wealth to endow numerous Philadelphia institutions, including Girard College.
Courtesy of the State Museum of Pennsylvania
Caption: Even though John Dickinson was born in Maryland and raised in Delaware, Pennsylvanians considered him one of their own. As a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1787, having served both the small state of Delaware and the large state of Pennsylvania, Dickinson added his voice to Ben Franklin's as an advocate for compromise. When Charles Willson Peale painted this portrait, Dickinson was president of Pennsylvania's Supreme Executive Council.
Independence National Historical Park
Caption: As Superintendent of the Cambria Iron Works, John F. Fritz developed the industry standard three-rail high rail production method for iron rails. After leaving to assume the Chief Superintendent position at Bethlehem Iron Company, "The Iron Master" made Bethlehem the leading rail supplier in the country, and then a leader in the mass-production of steel. In 1890, by serving as the Navy's first supplier for steel armor, he laid the foundation for Bethlehem's future role as the "Arsenal of America" in World War II. President of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1896-97, Fritz is also the namesake for the most prestigious honor in American engineering.
Courtesy of the Linderman Library, Lehigh University
Caption: Born into one of Russia's oldest and wealthiest royal families, Demetrius Gallitzin changed his name and abandoned a life of privilege to become a Catholic priest on the Pennsylvania frontier. There he built and financed the first Catholic church and colony in Pennsylvania, west of the Allegheny Mountains.
Courtesy of the Prince Gallitzin Chapel House, Tomb Site, and St. Michael's Basilica, Photo by Wilson
Caption: Benjamin Franklin, Governor of Pa., 1785-1788.
Courtesy of Capitol Preservation Committee http://cpc.state.pa.us and John Rudy Photography
http://www.johnrudy.com
Caption: Born in Bellefonte, Andrew Gregg Curtin (1817-1894) was elected the governor of Pennsylvania as a Republican in 1860. When war broke out, Curtin organized the Pennsylvania Reserves, and ordered the construction of Camp Curtin, the state's first and largest Union military camp, through which more than 300,000 soldiers from across the North passed during the war. After stepping down as governor in 1867, Curtin was United States Minister to Russia, and served two-terms in Congress. He died in Bellefonte in October 1894.
Courtesy of Capitol Preservation Committee http://cpc.state.pa.us and John Rudy Photography
http://www.johnrudy.com
Caption: In 1914 Philadelphia School Superintendent Martin Brumbaugh became the first and only Ph.D. to win election as the Governor of Pennsylvania. After his term ended in 1919, Brumbaugh returned to Juniata College and again served as president of the college, from 1924 until his death in 1930.
Capitol Preservation Committee, http://cpc.state.pa.us and John Rudy Photography, www.johnrudy.com